Instead of using the words spiritual, spiritualism, we employ, to indicate the belief we have just referred to, the terms Spiritist and Spiritism, whose form recalls the origin and the radical sense and which, for that reason, have the advantage of being perfectly intelligible, leaving to the word spiritualism its own meaning. However, it does not follow that they believe in the existence of Spirits or in their communications with the visible world. (.) Whoever believes to have something within themselves beyond matter, is a spiritualist. To give them another meaning, to apply them to the doctrine of Spirits, would be to multiply the already numerous causes of amphibology. The words spiritual, spiritualist, spiritualism have a well-defined meaning. This is required by the clarity of language in order to avoid the confusion inherent in the variety of meanings of the same words. To designate new things, new terms are needed. The term spiritism (from Old French spiritisme spirit 'spirit' + -isme 'doctrine') emerged as a neologism, more precisely a portmanteau, created by the French educator Hippolyte Léon Denizard Rivail (known as Allan Kardec) to specifically name the body of ideas systematized by him in The Spirits' Book (1857). The doctrine has had a strong influence on various other religious currents, such as Santería, Umbanda, and the new age movements. Spiritists are also known for influencing and promoting a movement of social assistance and philanthropy. Īccording to the International Spiritist Council, spiritism is present in 36 countries, with over 13 million followers, being most widespread in Brazil, where it has approximately 3.8 million followers, according to the data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, and over 30 million sympathizers, according to the Brazilian Spiritist Federation. Its followers consider spiritism a doctrine focused on the moral improvement of humanity and believe in the existence of a single God, the possibility of useful communication with spirits through mediums, and reincarnation as a process of spiritual growth and divine justice. Additionally, there are the so-called complementary works, such as What is Spiritism?, Spiritist Review, and Posthumous Works. The codification consists of The Spirits' Book, The Mediums' Book, The Gospel According to Spiritism, Heaven and Hell, and The Genesis. The doctrine is based on five basic works, known as the Spiritist Codification, published by Kardec between 18. It was allegedly the very agent causing the phenomenon who responded, "It is not the table that thinks! It is us, the souls of the men who have lived on Earth." Kardec then proceeded to study this and other phenomena, such as "incorporation" and mediumship. After observing and analyzing the phenomena of table-turning, he was intrigued by the fact that the table could move despite lacking muscles or provide answers without having a brain. Although not recognized as a science, Kardec claimed that spiritism combines scientific, philosophical, and religious aspects, seeking a better understanding not only of the tangible universe but also of the universe beyond transcendence. Kardec coined the term spiritism in 1857 and defined it as "the doctrine founded on the existence, manifestations, and teachings of spirits". Kardecism emerged as a new religious movement out of spiritualism, the notions and practices associated with spiritual communication disseminated throughout North America and Europe since the 1850s. The concept also interacts with philosophical and scientific conceptions of the relationship between the physical and the moral. It explains, from a Christian perspective, the cycle by which a spirit supposedly returns to material existence after the death of the old body in which it dwelled, as well as the evolution it undergoes during this process. Spiritism ( French: spiritisme Portuguese: espiritismo) or Kardecism is a reincarnationist and spiritualist doctrine established in France in the mid-19th century by the author and educator Allan Kardec ( pseudonym of Hippolyte Léon Denizard Rivail).
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